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Commercial Litigation


Primer – Personal Jurisdiction and Service of Process
Obtaining personal jurisdiction over a defendant is a critical aspect of litigation. There are two components of personal jurisdiction.

Jonathan Freiberger
Sep 12, 20255 min read


Settlement Term Sheet Constitutes Instrument for the Payment of Money Only
Pursuant to CPLR 3213, a plaintiff may commence an action “based upon an instrument for the payment of money only or upon any judgment” by filing a summons and motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint.

Jeffrey Haber
Sep 10, 20258 min read


Consequential Damages: Are They Foreseeable?
In today’s article, we examine BLDG 44 Developers LLC v. Pace Companies N.Y., LLC, a case involving consequential damages.

Jeffrey Haber
Aug 27, 20257 min read


Conflicts of Interest and No-Action Clauses
In Finkelstein v. U.S. Bank, N.A., 2025 N.Y. Slip Op 32882(U) (Sup. Ct., July 30, 2025) (here), plaintiff alleged that he was underpaid on his investment in a residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) trust due to the improper exercise of termination rights by the trust’s servicers. The servicers argued that the governing agreement barred the action because it included a “no action” clause.

Jeffrey Haber
Aug 25, 20256 min read


Second Department Affirms Denial of Summary Judgment in Mortgage Foreclosure Action For Failure to Demonstrate Compliance with RPAPL 1304
The Second Department has stated that an “RPAPL 1304 notice is a notice pursuant to the Home Equity Theft Prevention Act (Real Property Law § 265-a), the underlying purpose of which is to afford greater protections to homeowners confronted with foreclosure.”

Jonathan Freiberger
Aug 22, 20255 min read


When a Filing is Not a Filing
On occasion, we examine procedural matters that have an impact on the substantive rights of the parties. In Richardson v. Beal, 2025 N.Y. Slip Op. 32804(U) (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County July 24, 2025) (here), the procedural matter at issue concerned the date on which a filing is deemed to be filed.

Jeffrey Haber
Aug 20, 20256 min read


Plaintiff’s Allegations and Records Show Its Claim Was Time Barred
In Southgate Owners Corp. v. Esposito, 2025 N.Y. Slip Op. 32750(U) (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County July 24, 2025), plaintiff sued defendant, a shareholder in its cooperative building, seeking a declaratory judgment that 80 additional shares had been properly allocated to her unit following a 1996 expansion of her unit into terrace space.

Jeffrey Haber
Aug 18, 20255 min read


Primer on Insurance Broker Liability (How can You Insure Proper Insurance Coverage)
This article examines the liability of insurance brokers who fail to procure requested coverage. In New York, brokers generally owe clients a duty to obtain specifically requested insurance but have no ongoing duty to advise unless a "special relationship" exists.

Jonathan Freiberger
Aug 15, 20255 min read


Fraud Notes: The Discovery Rule for Fraud and The Failure to Articulate a False Statement
In today’s installment of Fraud Notes, we examine two cases involving claims of fraud: K.M. v. Ursuline School of New Rochelle and Three C, LLC v. City Settlement Serv., Inc.

Jeffrey Haber
Aug 13, 20259 min read


The Second Department Holds that New York Need Not Possess Personal Jurisdiction Over a Judgment Debtor in Order to Recognize and Domesticate a Foreign Judgment Entitled to Full Faith and Credit
By Jonathan H. Freiberger
In today’s BLOG we will address the enforcement of foreign judgments (i.e., judgments obtained outside the State of New York) in New York. Simply stated, armed with a money judgment, a judgment creditor can employ numerous available procedures to assist in the collection of the outstanding judgment debt. Article 52 of the CPLR (Enforcement of Money Judgments) provides for many enforcement options. Judgments obtained in New York can be enforced immed

Jonathan Freiberger
Aug 8, 20255 min read


Release in Settlement Agreement Bars Class Action To Recover Damages For Certain Rent Overcharges
This Blog has written frequently about the substance and scope of general releases. In New York, “a valid release constitutes a complete bar to an action on a claim which is the subject of the release.” If “the language of a release is clear and unambiguous, the signing of a release is a ‘jural act’ binding on the parties.”

Jeffrey Haber
Aug 4, 20255 min read


The Relation Back Doctrine and Statutes of Limitation in Mortgage Foreclosure Actions
Today’s BLOG deals with the “Relation Back Doctrine” (the “Doctrine”), which, inter alia, “allows a claim asserted against a defendant in an amended filing to relate back to claims previously asserted against a codefendant for Statute of Limitations purposes where the two defendants are “‘united in interest.’"”

Jonathan Freiberger
Aug 1, 20255 min read


The Second Department Explains the Difference Between a Brokerage Agreements Granting an “Exclusive Right to Sell” and an “Exclusive Agency”
Folks enter into brokerage agreements all the time. The most familiar situation involving brokerage agreements are those related to the sale of real property. Litigation over brokerage agreements often involves the payment of commissions.

Jonathan Freiberger
Jul 25, 20255 min read


Complaint Dismissed On Forum Non Conveniens Grounds Because New York Did Not Have A Substantial Nexus To The Alleged Fraud
In Korea Inv. & Sec. Co., Ltd. v. Seabury Capital Group LLC, the court dismissed a fraud complaint on forum non conveniens grounds, finding New York lacked a substantial nexus to the alleged misconduct.

Jeffrey Haber
Jul 21, 202511 min read


Execution of Two Stipulations Proves Fatal to Defendant’s Motion for Relief Under CPLR 317
Appearing in an action may give rise to a waiver of a litigant’s right to challenge the court’s jurisdiction over the litigant. As explained in prior blog articles, it is axiomatic that a “plaintiff appears [in an action] merely by bringing it.”

Jonathan Freiberger
Jul 18, 20254 min read


Second Department Holds that Relief Under CPLR 3213 was Unavailable for Claim Under Guaranty of Lease
Today’s article relates to summary judgment in lieu of complaint pursuant to CPLR 3213

Jonathan Freiberger
Jul 11, 20254 min read


Fraudulent Inducement and The Independent Contractor Agreement
In Wilburger v. Ava Labs, Inc., 2025 N.Y. Slip Op. 51072(U) (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County July 3, 2025) (here), plaintiff sued defendant for breach of contract, unjust enrichment, and fraudulent inducement related to unpaid compensation for services rendered under an Independent Contractor Agreement.

Jeffrey Haber
Jul 9, 20259 min read


The Failure to Exercise Reasonable Diligence Dooms Application of 2-Year Discovery Rule
Under New York law, an action based upon fraud must be commenced within six years of the date the cause of action accrued, or within two years of the time the plaintiff discovered or could have discovered the fraud with reasonable diligence, whichever is greater.

Jeffrey Haber
Jul 5, 20258 min read


Second Department Dismisses Two Mortgage Foreclosure Actions For Failure to Comply With RPAPL 1306
This BLOG has written extensively on a wide variety of issues in the area of mortgage foreclosure. One particular area that has been the subject of numerous articles is RPAPL 1304.

Jonathan Freiberger
Jun 27, 20255 min read


Fraud and The East Hampton Dream Home
In Lopez v. O’Sullivan, 2025 N.Y. Slip Op. 32178(U) (Sup. Ct., Suffolk County) (here), the court declined to dismiss fraud claims, among others, finding that plaintiff sufficiently stated a claim for such relief against the defendants. The court determined that plaintiff provided detailed allegations of misrepresentations made by defendants, which induced him to enter into transactions that ultimately deprived him of ownership of his property.

Jeffrey Haber
Jun 25, 20256 min read
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