A “recurring question” courts in New York grapple with is whether the facts alleged in a complaint give rise to sustainable claims for both breach of contract and fraudulent inducement. Cronos Grp. v. XComIP, LLC , 156 A.D.3d 54, 56 (1st Dept. 2017). Readers of this Blog know that a fraud claim, which “ar from the same facts , s identical damages and d not allege a breach of any duty collateral to or independent of the parties’ agreements<,> is subject to dismissal as red

Disputes between an insured and insurer occur all the time. These disputes often concern whether the policy covers a certain event. Sometimes, as in AB Oil Servs., Ltd. v. TCE Ins. Servs., Inc. , 2020 N.Y. Slip Op. 06232 (2d Dept. Nov. 4, 2020) ( here ), the dispute concerns the alleged failure to satisfy a specific request for coverage not already provided in one’s policy. Other times, the dispute concerns alleged fraud and negligent misrepresentation ( i.e. , breach of a du

CPLR 3215(c) , which encourages the prompt entry of default judgments, provides: If the plaintiff fails to take proceedings for the entry of judgment within one year after the default, the court shall not enter judgment but shall dismiss the complaint as abandoned, without costs, upon its own initiative or on motion, unless sufficient cause is shown why the complaint should not be dismissed.  A motion by the defendant under this subdivision does not constitute an appearance i

As readers of the Blog know, when it comes to fraud-based actions, we like to write about them. While many of the cases we examine fall into similar patterns, sometimes a case deviates from the norm. King Penguin Opportunity Fund III, LLC v. Spectrum Group Mgt. LLC , 2020 N.Y. Slip Op. 06230 (1st Dept. Oct. 29, 2020) ( here ), is such as case. King Penguin concerned, among other claims, a fraudulent inducement claim arising from the execution of a term sheet for a proposed l

Readers of this Blog know that, as a general matter, New York courts will not permit a fraud-based claim ( i.e. , fraudulent inducement) to survive a motion to dismiss when the claim arises from a breach of contract. Indeed, courts routinely dismiss a fraud claim where “ he existence of a valid and enforceable written contract govern a particular subject matter” and the recovery sought arises out of the same facts and circumstances. Clark-Fitzpatrick v. Long Is. , 70 N.Y.2d

A shareholder’s derivative action is a lawsuit “brought in the right of a … corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, by a holder of shares or of voting trust certificates of the corporation or of a beneficial interest in such shares or certificates.” Marx v. Akers , 88 N.Y.2d 189, 193 (1996) (quoting Business Corporation Law § 626 (a)). Derivative claims against corporate officers and directors belong to the corporation itself. Auerbach v. Bennett , 47 N.Y.2d 619, 631

Every now and then, we come across a legal principle that we do not frequently write about. One such principle is replevin. A plaintiff brings an action in replevin to recover personal property that was wrongfully taken or withheld. Pivar v. Graduate School of Figurative Art , 290 A.D.2d 212, 212 (1st Dept. 2002) (citations omitted). In a replevin action, the plaintiff seeks the return of property, not money damages. Genger v. Genger , 2016 N.Y. Slip Op. 30602 (Sup. Ct., N.Y.

In keeping with this BLOG’s efforts to keep abreast of court practices and procedures promulgated to address COVID-19 concerns, practitioners should be aware of new foreclosure sale scheduling rules. By way of background, on July 24, 2020, Chief Administrative Judge Lawrence K. Marks issued Administrative Order 157/20 (“AO 157/20”) < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , which became effective on July 27, 2020 and established certain “procedures and protocols apply to the conduct of resident

In order for the conduct of business to proceed in an orderly fashion, folks need to be confident that, in general, the contracts that they enter into, particularly when “the parties set down their agreements in a clear, complete document” will “be enforced according to terms”. 159 MP Corp. v. Redbridge Bedford, LLC , 33 N.Y.3d 353, 358 (2019) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). This is consistent with the notion that “ n New York, agreements negotiated at ar

Attorneys are often asked whether an agreement that is not formally reduced to writing or not in writing at all is enforceable. Most will say that the answer depends on the surrounding facts and circumstances. Since the question often arises in the context of a contract dispute, it is helpful to examine the legal principles that guide the determination of contract enforceability. The elements of a cause of action for breach of contract are (1) the formation of an agreement,

“Pursuant to the doctrine of respondeat superior, an employer can be held vicariously liable for torts committed by an employee acting within the scope of employment.” Horvath v. L&B Gardens, Inc. , 89 A.D.3d 803 (2 nd Dep’t 2011) (citations omitted). “An act is considered to be within the scope of employment if it is performed while the employee is engaged generally in the business of his employer, or if his act may be reasonably said to be necessary or incidental to such

Under New York law, a party commences a civil action by filing a summons and complaint. Generally speaking, these documents set forth the claims that are being asserted against the defendant(s). Typically, though not required in all instances, the plaintiff will verify the complaint. “A verification is a statement under oath that the pleading is true to the knowledge of the deponent .…” CPLR § 3020 (a). The verification makes the pleading sworn and, therefore, is the equivale

In looking at the causes of action asserted in Kocak v. Dargin , 2020 N.Y. Slip Op. 33121(U) (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County Sept. 23, 2020) ( here ), one could walk away with the impression that the claims are disparate and lacking cohesion – breach of fiduciary, fraudulent transfers and corporate dissolution. However, when the facts and evidence in Kocak are considered, a common theme emerges: the alleged actions taken by the majority shareholder of the corporation oppressed the ri

“A promissory note is a financial instrument that contains a written promise by one party (the note’s issuer or maker) to pay another party (the note’s payee) a definite sum of money, either on demand or at a specified future date. See Investopedia, Adam Barone, Apr. 20, 2020 ( here ). “A promissory note typically contains all the terms pertaining to the indebtedness, such as the principal amount, interest rate, maturity date, date and place of issuance, and issuer's signatu

After being served with a summons and complaint in a lawsuit, a defendant generally appears and serves an answer or makes a motion seeking to dismiss some or all of the complaint. Defendant’s formal appearance in an action is governed by CPLR 320 . This Blog has addressed formal and informal appearances < HERE =">HERE</a>"> . If a defendant fails to appear in an action, among other things, a plaintiff can seek from the Court, a default judgment pursuant to CPLR 3215 . If p

A threshold question for litigants is whether the court can exercise personal jurisdiction over the defendant. After all, a court cannot issue a valid and binding judgment without possessing such jurisdiction. Assuming the court can exercise such jurisdiction, the next issue to consider is service of process. The Civil Practice Law and Rules (“CPLR”) govern the methods and manner of service in cases filed in the courts of New York. Where a corporation is a defendant, the Busi

Over the years, this Blog has addressed numerous issues involving mortgage foreclosures in New York. < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HERE</a>"> , < HERE =">HER

Under CPLR § 3101, New York State’s procedural rule governing disclosure of documents and information, “there shall be full disclosure of all matter material and necessary in the prosecution or defense of an action, regardless of the burden of proof.” The rule applies to parties and non-parties alike. A question often arises as to whether the documents and information at issue are “material and necessary” (often interpreted as relevant) to the action. Courts in New York inter

Covid-19 has created numerous health, economic and other significant problems throughout the world. Social distancing and quarantining during the pandemic is a means to address the spread of the virus. Among the methods to permit business to continue while in quarantine is the use of video conferencing technology as a substitute for in-person meetings. Businesses and individuals have embraced the use of virtual meetings so that necessary interactions – both business and pe

Alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) is the name given for the procedures by which parties can settle their disputes without litigation, such as arbitration, mediation, or negotiation. ADR procedures are generally, though not always, less costly and more expeditious. Here.=">Here</a>."> Although arbitration has increased in popularity over the years and is part of most business and commercial contracts and employment agreements, there remains resistance to engaging in ADR p